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What Is Service Virtualization? A Complete Guide

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Übersicht

The services your application calls might not be available for testing when you need them. Service-Virtualisierung creates stable virtual services that replicate the real thing.

Was ist Service-Virtualisierung?

Service virtualization is a function of software testing that can emulate an application’s dependencies. It allows DevOps teams to use computer-generated simulations of service dependencies in place of real ones so they can test often, test early, and lower costs in various situations. These include key parts of the distributed system that are missing: for example, when dependent components are inaccessible, scaling training environments, and building partner onboarding scenarios.

Die Verwendung virtueller Dienste zu Testzwecken ist kostengünstiger als die Verwendung von Produktionsumgebungen für diese Zwecke. API-Tests mit Endpunktsimulation eliminieren das Risiko von Datenverlusten, vermeiden die Verwendung der teuren Server, die das eigentliche Programm für den Betrieb benötigt, und ermöglicht dem Unternehmen, auf überhöhte Lizenzgebühren zu verzichten. Dies führt zu schnellen, genauen und weniger umständlichen Testverfahren.

Teams can integrate service virtualization into automated testing practices for the continuous integration testing that DevOps workflows demand.

Warum ist Service-Virtualisierung wichtig?

Businesses benefit in several ways by implementing service virtualization for software testing.

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Reduce or Eliminate Testing Downtimes

Service virtualization ensures continuous testing without disruptions because it simulates unavailable or unstable dependencies. When a live service becomes unavailable during testing, test automation will continue to flow as test cases execute against the virtualized service. This reduces late-stage defects and prevents release delays caused by environmental roadblocks.

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Increase Development Productivity

Service virtualization enables parallel development and dedicated virtual test environments. As a result, teams can work independently of external dependencies and eliminate constraints due to shared test environments, accelerating testing cycles.

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Accelerate Resource Provisioning

Teams streamline resource management and testing processes with virtual environments, which can be quickly cloned, shared, deployed, and destroyed on demand. Teams save time, effort, and costs that stem from the setup and maintenance of live test environments.

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Reduce Capital & Operating Costs

Virtualizing components eliminates the need for multiple physical environments, reducing infrastructure and testing costs. It also avoids fees for accessing certain third-party dependencies during testing.

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Beschleunigen Sie die Markteinführung

Early and frequent testing with service virtualization leads to resolving issues faster and shortening development cycles. With that, organizations bring products to market more quickly.

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Increase Software Quality

Service virtualization supports frequent and comprehensive testing throughout development, which enhances software quality. The ability to simulate failure scenarios in virtual environments helps identify and resolve issues early for better software releases.

Die Vorteile der Service-Virtualisierung

To realize the benefits from Agile and DevOps initiatives, teams need instant access to their test environment, free of constraints. By applying service virtualization in testing environments, organizations can reduce or eliminate the dependence on unavailable, unstable, or costly dependencies, such as third-party services, databases, and mainframes.

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Erhalten Sie jederzeit Zugriff

Greifen Sie auf die abhängigen Dienste zu, mit denen Ihre Anwendung interagieren muss, um genaue und gründliche Tests durchzuführen, auch wenn diese zum Testzeitpunkt nicht verfügbar oder unvollständig sind.

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Service-Abhängigkeiten isolieren

Wenn Sie nicht auf den entsprechenden Dienst zugreifen können, sind die zugehörigen Abhängigkeiten ebenfalls eine Blackbox. Die Dienstvirtualisierung untersucht das tatsächliche Verhalten und repliziert solche gegenseitigen Abhängigkeiten im virtuellen Äquivalent, um genaue Antworten zu liefern.

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Stellen Sie die Teststabilität sicher

Unvollständige oder instabile Dienste können zu Fehlern und Verzögerungen beim Testen führen. Ein virtuelles Äquivalent ist stabiler und bietet zuverlässige Automatisierung und Sicherheit beim Testen.

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Reproduzieren Sie das Verhalten in der realen Welt genau

Service virtualization studies the application’s actual calls to live services to accurately model requests and responses in the virtual version. This is usually achieved through the use of service definitions or the deployment of a proxy that will record and monitor the traffic between the application under test and the dependency targeted for virtualization.

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Conduct Negative & Edge Case Testing Effectively 

It’s difficult to make a dependent service intentionally behave in a bad way but these extremes need to be considered for accurate testing. Service virtualization enables testers to modify the behavior of the virtualized service so that they can validate their application’s behavior under any scenario.

Möglichkeiten zur Nutzung der Service-Virtualisierung

Es gibt mehrere Bereiche, in denen die Servicevirtualisierung zur Verbesserung der Produktivität genutzt werden kann.

Agile/parallele Entwicklung

Bei modernen Softwarepraktiken arbeiten mehrere Betriebsteams getrennt an Teilen der Umgebung und führen sie dann über APIs zusammen, um das Endprodukt zu bilden. Wenn sie auf den Zugriff auf einen Teil der Anwendung warten, können DevOps-Teams Service-Virtualisierung verwenden, um diese fehlenden Teile zu simulieren, damit sie ihre Anwendungsentwicklung fortsetzen können.

Performance Testing

Service virtualization supports performance testing by simulating dependent systems that may be unavailable, costly, or difficult to scale in real-world environments. It allows teams to create stable, predictable virtual services that can replicate various performance conditions such as latency, throughput, and error scenarios. This enables testers to identify performance bottlenecks early in the development cycle and validate how the application behaves under different loads.

Testdatenverwaltung

Unternehmen verfügen über riesige Datenmengen, die einen Großteil ihrer Interaktionen mit ihren Kunden, beispielsweise einer Bank, ausmachen. Diese Informationen können PII (persönlich identifizierbare Informationen) wie Sozialversicherungsnummern enthalten. Es ist nicht angemessen, Testern für ihre Zwecke Zugriff auf echte Produktionsdatenquellen zu gewähren. Die Service-Virtualisierung gibt Testteams die Möglichkeit, Daten synthetisch zu generieren, beispielsweise richtig formatierte und maskierte Sozialversicherungsnummern, die sie dann zum Testen von Funktionalitäten verwenden können.

Angestellten Training

Unternehmen können Service-Virtualisierung nutzen, um Mitarbeiter in einer Anwendung zu schulen, die sie täglich verwenden. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass die Auszubildenden in der tatsächlichen Produktionsversion der Software, die mit mehreren komplizierten Anwendungen verbunden sein kann, trainieren müssen, und sie daran hindern, sensible Daten zu ändern oder zu löschen.

Partner-Onboarding

Unternehmen stellen Kunden oder Geschäftspartnern häufig APIs zur Verfügung, einschließlich Testumgebungen, um eine einfache Integration zu ermöglichen. Die Wartung dieser Testumgebungen für Partner ist wie bei jeder anderen Umgebung mit Kosten verbunden. Die Service-Virtualisierung ist eine hervorragende Technik, um Partnern Zugriff auf Sandbox-Umgebungen Ihrer APIs zu bieten, damit sie einfacher und kostengünstiger integriert werden können.

Best Practices für die Service-Virtualisierung

Es gibt mehrere Bereiche, in denen die Servicevirtualisierung zur Verbesserung der Produktivität genutzt werden kann.

  • Virtualize only what matters.
    No need to create all or even a large part of the actual system behavior that you are virtualizing. You only need to implement the essential transactions. And don’t attempt to emulate ad hoc requests. If you run across a bad test case from flawed input, you can generate a virtualized transaction that replicates it.
  • Erkennen Sie die Testfälle, die Sie unterstützen.
    Only include behaviors in your virtual service after you understand how the test cases interact with them. Your test plan should delineate precisely what transactions to include in the virtualization. Allow the test plan to drive what transactions you will be virtualizing.
  • Testen Sie das richtige System.
    Be sure you build test scenarios that provide validation of the system you’re testing, not the service virtualization. Simulate an ideal replica of the dependent component. At the same time, the virtualization should be intelligent enough to let the client finalize a workflow. For example, when UI testing for a bank, the virtual service needs only to cover the correct depiction of a withdrawal or deposit—no need to verify the account balance.

 

Beispiel für Datenvirtualisierung

An e-commerce company developing a new order management system integrates with several third-party APIs for payment processing, shipping, and inventory management. During integration testing, the QA team needs realistic test data representing various order scenarios, including edge cases like out-of-stock items, partial shipments, and failed payments. However, relying on production data raises privacy concerns. Additionally, coordinating with external partners to get the right test conditions introduces significant delays.

Using service virtualization, the team simulates the dependent services and generates synthetic test data that mirrors real-world transactions—without needing access to sensitive production data.

They use recorded traffic to automatically infer data models and constraints, then generate diverse data sets that cover a wide range of scenarios. JSON-based messages are managed with intuitive, tree-based views, and data masking ensures privacy compliance. Because each team can create and manage their own test data sets independently, testing is no longer delayed by data provisioning or impacted by test data pollution, accelerating release cycles while improving test coverage and quality.

Graphic comparing workflow without service virtualization versus with service virtualization

Erste Schritte mit Service-Virtualisierung

Service virtualization is a powerful tool for simulating dependencies in software testing and development. Here’s how you can get started:

  1. Verstehen Sie die Grundlagen. Service virtualization involves creating virtual versions of components like APIs, databases, or third-party services. This allows you to test and develop without relying on the actual systems.
  2. Wählen Sie das richtige Werkzeug. There are several tools available with unique features. Pick the one that suits your team’s needs.
  3. Richten Sie Ihre Umgebung ein. Install the chosen tool and configure it to emulate the services you need. For example, you can create virtual assets and responders to simulate specific behaviors.
  4. Define scenarios. Identify the scenarios you want to test. This could include unavailable services, slow responses, or specific error conditions.
  5. Integrate with your workflow. Incorporate service virtualization into your development and testing processes. This helps in continuous integration and early testing.
  6. Learn and experiment. Many tools offer tutorials and guides. For instance, Parasoft Virtualize provides step-by-step instructions for creating virtual services.

Tools zur Dienstvirtualisierung

Es gibt zwei verschiedene Arten von Service-Virtualisierungstools.

  1. Lightweight tools. Free and open-source tools like Traffic Parrot and Mockito offer beginners an easy, ad-hoc way to explore service virtualization benefits. Teams often adopt them for specific projects. However, these lightweight solutions usually have limited capabilities and poor usability for nontechnical users. Despite being free initially, they often become expensive when used long-term due to maintenance and customization needs.
  2. Enterprise tools. Offering robust features for power users, enterprise-grade virtualization tools support team collaboration and seamless integration into CI/CD pipelines. These solutions excel at handling high traffic volumes while maintaining performance, making them ideal for DevOps environments. While more capable than free alternatives, they require investment, so teams should carefully evaluate their needs before adoption.

So wählen Sie das richtige Service-Virtualisierungstool aus

The best way to choose a service virtualization solution that’s right for your organization is to:

  1. Examine the different capabilities that your team may require.
  2. Identify solutions that include those capabilities.
  3. Think about future capability needs.

Unser

Scriptless functionalities

Provide the ability to build virtual services without writing code or automatically generate virtual services from traffic recordings. Testers and other nondevelopers unfamiliar with service implementations can easily understand, create, and share virtual services. It enables faster adoption, increases team collaboration, and allows for broader utilization.

Fast creation of virtual services before the real service is available

Enabling the development of virtual services alongside real services makes parallel development possible, preventing out-of-sync Agile processes. To accomplish this, it’s important to look for solutions that support the creation of virtual services from service definition files. This allows teams to shift left testing by creating a virtual service of the not yet developed dependency needed in their testing workflow.

Intelligent response correlation

Enables virtual services to respond differently based on incoming requests. It ensures that accurate, dynamic service behavior is tailored to specific requests. The different types of response correlation to consider include:

  • Deployment correlation to make sure that each virtual service processes only the messages intended for it by distinguishing messages across various listeners, such as HTTP and Kafka.
  • Message correlation for routing messages to appropriate response logic based on patterns, such as distinguishing “add account” from “update account” operations.
  • Data source correlation to generate dynamic responses depending on key information in the request. For example, responding differently to various customer accounts.

Decouple data from responders for dynamic virtual services

Enhance flexibility in virtualization by abstracting logic from data. They allow virtual services to connect to diverse data sources, like Excel, CSV, and live databases, for real-time lookups, enabling dynamic and constantly evolving responses.

Ability to reuse services

Fosters collaboration among teams, promotes consensus on key service behaviors, and saves effort by mocking up shared service behaviors once and reusing them across multiple virtual services.

A custom extensibility framework

Supports multiple scripting languages, like Java, Python, JavaScript, and Groovy, to accommodate diverse expertise and preferences. It also provides extensibility to handle new message formats and protocols, enabling organizations to adapt to industry standards or custom implementations efficiently.

Support for authentication and security

Validates transport layer security, like SSL certificates. It also supports various authentication mechanisms, such as OAuth, Basic Auth, Kerberos. Additionally, it negotiates and emulates message layer security, including payload encryption, SAML, and signatures. These capabilities ensure realistic virtual services and help identify defects in authentication or security mechanisms.

Configurable performance environments

Enables precise performance testing by emulating out-of-scope dependencies. Virtual services allow earlier performance testing without relying solely on full environments. Solutions should support adjustable performance delays—both static and dynamic, for example, slowing performance with increased usage.

In addition to the above capabilities, you should evaluate optimized workflows and supported technologies.

Optimierte Workflows 

  • Automatic virtual service creation and maintenance
  • AI-powered asset creation
  • Test data management and generation
  • Data reuse
  • Failover to live system
  • Stateful behavior emulation

Angebotene Technologien

  • REST API virtualization
  • SOAP API virtualization
  • Asynchronous API Messaging
  • MQ/JMS virtualization
  • IOT and microservice virtualization
  • Database virtualization
  • Webpage virtualization
  • File transfer virtualization
  • Mainframe and fixed length
  • EDI virtualization
  • FIX, Swift, and other protocols

Siehe den Wert von Parasoft Virtualize

Entdecken Sie den potenziellen ROI, den Ihr Unternehmen mit der Service-Virtualisierungslösung von Parasoft erzielen könnte.

Berechnen Sie Ihre Ersparnisse »

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